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Le Pluriel des Noms
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1. The General Rule: Add "-s" (La Règle Générale: Ajouter "-s")
Most French nouns form their plural by adding an -s to the singular form. The pronunciation usually doesn't change, but the article before the noun will change to les (the) or des (some/any).
- un livre (a book) → des livres (some books)
- le stylo (the pen) → les stylos (the pens)
- une table (a table) → des tables (some tables)
- la chaise (the chair) → les chaises (the chairs)
2. Nouns Ending in "-s", "-x", "-z" (Noms Terminés par "-s", "-x", "-z")
Nouns that already end in -s, -x, or -z in the singular form do not change in the plural. Only the article changes.
- un fils (a son) → des fils (some sons)
- le nez (the nose) → les nez (the noses)
- la voix (the voice) → les voix (the voices)
3. Nouns Ending in "-eau", "-eu", "-ou" (Noms Terminés par "-eau", "-eu", "-ou")
Most nouns ending in -eau, -eu, and -ou take an -x in the plural, not an -s.
- un gâteau (a cake) → des gâteaux (some cakes)
- un cheveu (a hair) → des cheveux (some hairs)
- un chou (a cabbage) → des choux (some cabbages)
Common Exceptions (ending in -s):
- un clou (a nail) → des clous
- un sou (a penny) → des sous
- un trou (a a hole) → des trous
- un cou (a neck) → des cous
4. Nouns Ending in "-al" (Noms Terminés par "-al")
Most nouns ending in -al change to -aux in the plural.
- un cheval (a horse) → des chevaux (some horses)
- un journal (a newspaper) → des journaux (some newspapers)
- un animal (an animal) → des animaux (some animals)
Common Exceptions (ending in -als):
- un bal (a ball/dance) → des bals
- un carnaval (a carnival) → des carnavals
- un festival (a festival) → des festivals
5. Nouns Ending in "-ail" (Noms Terminés par "-ail")
Most nouns ending in -ail follow the general rule and add an -s.
- un détail (a detail) → des détails (some details)
- un portail (a gate) → des portails (some gates)
Common Exceptions (ending in -aux):
- un travail (a job/work) → des travaux
- un vitrail (a stained-glass window) → des vitraux
6. Irregular Plurals (Pluriels Irréguliers)
A few nouns have completely irregular plural forms, but these are less common for beginners.
- un œil (an eye) → des yeux (some eyes)
- Madame (Mrs.) → Mesdames
- Monsieur (Mr.) → Messieurs
- Mademoiselle (Miss) → Mesdemoiselles
Key Takeaways:
- The most common plural form is adding -s.
- Pay attention to nouns ending in -s, -x, -z (no change) and -eau, -eu, -ou (add -x).
- Remember the -al to -aux change.
- Always change the article (le/la/un/une → les/des) in front of the plural noun.
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