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Les Groupes de Verbes en Français
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1. The First Group (Le Premier Groupe): Verbs Ending in -ER
This is by far the largest and most regular group of verbs in French.
- Characteristics: All verbs ending in -er in the infinitive belong to this group.
- Examples:
- parler (to speak)
- aimer (to like/love)
- travailler (to work)
- manger (to eat)
- donner (to give)
- Conjugation (Present Tense Example): Generally, you remove the -er and add the standard endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent.
- Je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent.
- One Major Exception: The verb aller (to go) ends in -er but is highly irregular and belongs to the third group. It's the only -er verb that doesn't follow the regular pattern.
2. The Second Group (Le Deuxième Groupe): Regular Verbs Ending in -IR
This group consists of a specific set of -ir verbs that follow a very consistent conjugation pattern.
- Characteristics: These verbs end in -ir and notably include an "-iss-" in their nous, vous, and ils/elles forms in many tenses (like the present indicative).
- Examples:
- finir (to finish)
- choisir (to choose)
- réussir (to succeed)
- grandir (to grow)
- grossir (to gain weight)
- Conjugation (Present Tense Example): You remove the -ir and add: -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent.
- Je finis, tu finis, il/elle/on finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils/elles finissent.
- Important Note: Not all verbs ending in -ir belong to this group! Many -ir verbs are irregular and fall into the third group (e.g., partir, venir, dormir). You'll learn to recognize them over time.
3. The Third Group (Le Troisième Groupe): All Other Verbs (Irregular Verbs)
This is the most complex group because it includes all verbs that don't fit into the first two categories. They are largely irregular.
- Characteristics:
- Verbs ending in -re (e.g., prendre, vendre, dire).
- Verbs ending in -oir (e.g., voir, vouloir, pouvoir).
- A large number of irregular -ir verbs (e.g., partir, venir, dormir, ouvrir).
- The single -er verb: aller (to go).
- Examples:
- être (to be) - highly irregular
- avoir (to have) - highly irregular
- faire (to do/make)
- aller (to go)
- venir (to come)
- prendre (to take)
- vouloir (to want)
- Conjugation: There are no universal rules for conjugating these verbs. Each irregular verb has its own specific pattern (or patterns!) that needs to be learned, often by memorization and practice.
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